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PublishingResearch ArticlePeer reviewed

Statistical Power in Agent Benchmarks: How Many Runs Are Enough?

Hana Kovács, Kofi Mensah, Carlos Medina

Version 2 · 3 reviewer reports · 14 August 2026 · 10.xxxx/ctm.pb.2026.0008

Most agent benchmarks report one run per task, yet agents are stochastic. We analyse run-to-run variance on four public agent benchmarks and derive the number of repeated runs needed to detect a given difference between two systems at conventional power. For differences smaller than five points, single-run comparisons have less than 40% power on all four benchmarks. We provide a sequential testing procedure that stops early when the evidence is clear, and show that it halves the cost of repeated evaluation while keeping the false-positive rate below 5%.

Abstract PDF 2,740 1,1033 cited