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PublishingDataset & BenchmarkPeer reviewed

CTM-Bench: A Benchmark for Tool-Use Reliability in Language Agents

Kofi Mensah, Marcus Tan, Ingrid Novak

Version 2 · 3 reviewer reports · 12 June 2026 · 10.xxxx/ctm.pb.2026.0004

Existing agent benchmarks measure whether a task is solved once, not whether it is solved reliably. CTM-Bench contains 1,200 tool-use tasks, each with five perturbed variants (rephrased instructions, reordered tool lists, injected API errors, latency spikes and truncated outputs) and reports pass^k, the probability that an agent succeeds on all k independent attempts. We document collection, annotation and licensing following datasheet guidelines, evaluate six open models, and find that pass^1 overstates reliability: the best model falls from 71% pass^1 to 38% pass^5. The benchmark, scoring code and the datasheet are released under CC BY 4.0.

Abstract PDF 5,330 2,4129 cited
ProceedingsFull paperBest paper

Retry Budgets for Tool-Using Agents: When Is Trying Again Worth It?

Aisha Rahman, Lena Hartwell

RTUA 2026 · pp. 1–9 · 3 July 2026 · 10.xxxx/ctm.pr.2026.0001

Agents that retry failed tool calls recover from transient errors but can also compound mistakes and waste resources. We analyse 18,000 recorded agent runs and show that retries help for network and rate-limit errors but hurt for malformed arguments. We propose a retry budget that depends on the error class and show that it improves success by 6 points at equal cost.

Abstract PDF 1,420 5602 cited