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PreprintsResearch ArticleNot peer reviewed

Mining Failure Modes from Agent Trajectories at Scale

Aisha Rahman, Lena Hartwell

Version 1 · 21 October 2026 · 10.xxxx/ctm.pp.2026.0007

Agent developers inspect failed runs by hand, which does not scale beyond a few dozen trajectories. We propose a clustering approach that groups failures by the step at which the trajectory diverges from a successful reference run, and label the clusters with short natural-language descriptions. On 18,000 trajectories from three agent frameworks, the method recovers 83% of failure categories identified by manual analysis and surfaces four categories that were previously unreported.

Abstract PDF 2,065 6901 cited
PreprintsReview ArticleNot peer reviewed

A Taxonomy of Evaluation Leakage in Language-Model Benchmarks

Nadia Haddad, Ingrid Novak, Kofi Mensah

Version 2 (updated) · 14 October 2026 · 10.xxxx/ctm.pp.2026.0004

Benchmark scores can be inflated when test material reaches the training data or when evaluation choices quietly favour a model. We review 140 papers and incident reports and organise the mechanisms of evaluation leakage into a taxonomy with four top-level classes and eleven sub-classes. For each class we summarise how it can be detected, how often it has been reported, and what practices reduce its likelihood.

Abstract PDF 3,350 1,4105 cited
PreprintsTechnical ReportNot peer reviewed

Position Bias in Long-Context Retrieval: A Replication Study

Elias Wagner, Tomás Ibarra

Version 1 · 19 August 2026 · 10.xxxx/ctm.pp.2026.0003

Several studies report that language models use information in the middle of a long context less reliably than information at the start or end. We replicate these findings across eleven models and four context lengths using a controlled retrieval task. The effect is reproducible but smaller than originally reported, and largely disappears when the task format is held fixed across lengths. We release the harness and the full per-position results.

Abstract PDF 2,210 7401 cited
PreprintsTechnical ReportNot peer reviewed

Reproducibility-Checklist Compliance in Machine-Learning Papers: A technical report on what authors state and what they release

Ingrid Novak, Kofi Mensah

Version 1 · 27 July 2026 · 10.xxxx/ctm.pp.2026.0002

Many machine-learning venues now require authors to complete a reproducibility checklist. We audited 240 papers that ticked the item “code is provided” and checked whether the linked repositories existed, ran and reproduced the headline table. 87% had a reachable repository, 58% contained instructions sufficient to run training or evaluation, and 31% reproduced the headline result within the reported variance. Compliance was higher for papers reporting variance across seeds. We recommend checks that can be automated at submission time.

Abstract PDF 2,455 9314 cited